Are there seach engines that dont depend Google and Bing, if not what are the barriers to entry of new search engines?

Not a technical person, as I understand it, Google and Bing are full search engines while options like Seaexng, Ecosia, Duckduckgo are meta search engine that depend on Google or Bing. Are there other search engines that are fully independent, and if there aren't, what are the barriers that stop other search engines from emerging